Fish are used in toxicity tests for chemical regulation and in environmental monitoring programmes.

The use of animals poses an ethical challenge for society. IN addition, these regulatory tests are extremely labour intensive and costly.

Our research aims to develop novel technologies to replace fish in these studies. To achieve this, we have developed organ-on-chip devices that combines fish gill cell cultures with cells from other organs to produce an "artificial fish". We hope that data from this research can help identify the impact of chemical pollution in the aquatic environment that can help policy makers and regulators.